Julie (who prefers to use a pseudonym for this story), 54, wants to get her daughter through college without incurring any student loans for the $30,000 annual tuition. So, she helped fund her daughter’s freshman year by taking out a kind of second mortgage — a home equity line of credit, or HELOC.
“I think [high tuition] saddles young people with huge debt, which limits their ability to build their careers,” said Julie, who lives in New Hampshire.
Student debt now tops $1.5 trillion and has become a national conversation, echoed by presidential candidates. Meantime, 3.6 million parents owe a collective $88.9 billion in federal Parent PLUS loans. These days, parents cover 44% of college costs, on average, according to student loan servicer Sallie Mae.
Increase in using second mortgages to pay for college
Some, like Julie, are looking to alternatives to student loans and Parent PLUS loans to foot the bill. About 5% are using home-equity loans or lines of credit, based on Sallie Mae statistics. That’s up from 4% last year.
But if you’re a parent looking for ways to pay for a child’s college education, is a second mortgage a good idea? Not necessarily.
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One of the big lures of second mortgages, compared with student and Parent PLUS loans, is their interest rate.
How interest rates compare
The average rate for a 15-year fixed-rate home-equity loan is now about 5.8%; for a variable-rate home equity line of credit, it’s roughly 5.5%. By comparison, PLUS loans now have a 7.08% rate, the current rate for federal undergraduate student loans is 4.53% and for graduate school loans, it’s 6.08%. Closing costs for a HELOC average 2% to 5% of the total loan amount; PLUS loans come with a stiff 4.28% loan origination fee.
“If the parents have very good credit, mortgage rates are pretty low right now, nearing historic lows again,” said Gordon Achtermann, a fee-only financial planner in Fairfax, Va. Achtermann said mortgage rates are expected to stay low for a while, at least until the economy improves.
Julie already had a HELOC, with an interest rate of just 4%, which she used for her daughter’s tuition.
Read: Should you do a cash-out refinance? The pros and cons
“I have a client whose parents took out a mortgage on their residence and used the proceeds to pay off her graduate school loans because the interest rate on the home loan was much lower than the school loans,” said Ryan Firth, a Texas-based financial planner, licensed CPA and Certified College Financial Consultant.
How the tax rules have changed
In the past, parents might have opted for a second mortgage because of its tax benefits. But the tax rules have changed.
“Prior to 2018, you could refinance your home or take a second mortgage and use those proceeds to pay for college and you would be able to get a tax deduction on the interest of that loan,” Firth said.
Since the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, however, that’s no longer allowed.
Now, if your second mortgage isn’t being used to pay for your property, you can’t deduct its interest.
By contrast, Parent PLUS loans are tax deductible, up to $2,500. You just have to be legally responsible for the student loan; have personally paid the interest and have income under $80,000 if you’re single, or $165,000 if you’re married and file jointly. (Interest on student loans is deductible, up to $2,500, too.)
What happens to loans in bad times and after death
There’s also a big difference between second mortgages and federal student loans if you get into financial trouble. Federal student loans and Parent PLUS loans offer options to defer or forbear payments, Firth said. But with a second mortgage, those options are never guaranteed. And you’d have to try to work things out with your lender.
In addition, a Parent PLUS loan can be forgiven if you die or if you or your child becomes disabled. If you die after taking out a second mortgage, the interest on that loan isn’t forgiven. The second mortgage will likely be transferred to your spouse if you have one, or your child.
A second mortgage and a Parent PLUS loan can be discharged through bankruptcy, unlike other federal student loans, which typically can’t.
Looking into financial aid
Before making any decision about how to fund your child’s college, figure out exactly how much you’ll owe. Fill out the federal FAFSA student financial aid form to see if you’d qualify to receive federal aid.
“There may be more aid out there, merit aid or need-based aid than you think,” Achtermann said. “The sticker prices of colleges have increased, but the actual prices that people pay, on the average, has been flat or declining in recent years, because schools are really competing.”
Achtermann thinks that even if a parent will take on some debt for college, the student should “have some skin in the game.” He added: “You shouldn’t be in the situation where the parent has all the debt.”
Paying for college vs. retirement
Another thing to keep in mind: your retirement.
If you’re considering taking on debt to finance your child’s education, you don’t want that to cut into your retirement savings and harm your financial future.
“Everybody has different values and priorities, but common sense or best practice would be to prioritize retirement over education,” Firth said.
See: Advice for getting student loans forgiven, from borrowers who did it
While extra debt of any kind could take money away from retirement savings, a second mortgage might be a special risk. “You want to have some equity in your home as kind of a backstop for your own retirement in case things go poorly for your retirement investments,” Achtermann said.
Even though Julie used her HELOC to pay for her daughter’s tuition, she’s trying to reduce her own debt. So, she ended up paying out-of-pocket for sophomore year.
She’ll have many more decisions to make about paying for college down the road — especially since her son is still in high school.