When I tell people that I’ve retired early I get a variety of reactions.
But once the surprise (which is always part of the reaction in some measure) wears off, the questions begin.
And the most common one is something like this, “How did you do it? How can a person retire early?”
That’s what I plan to cover.
Live like no one else
Before I get into specifics, let me say that this quote from Dave Ramsey sums up perfectly how to retire early:
“If you will live like no one else, later you can live like no one else.”
I’m going to give specifics, of course, but the heart of retiring early is that for some time you will have to live like no one else. You will need to do the things others won’t or can’t. They will be difficult, challenging, and against the grain of our consumerist society.
But if you do them, then you will be able to live like no one else, which in this case is to retire early with financial security.
Money moves that made early retirement happen
There were several things I did to get to the point of early retirement.
Some were small and contributed a bit here and there. I won’t be covering those today. Instead I’ll focus on the big moves that allowed me to make significant progress.
They are:
1. Earn a good income
It begins with earning a decent amount of money. Retiring early can be done at all income levels, but the more you earn the more you can sock away and the more you’ll have to fund the retirement you want. And, of course, you’ll be able to retire faster if you do these things.
I didn’t want to downgrade my lifestyle (at least much) when I retired so I needed an income that was fairly substantial to allow me to save a bundle.
Here are the main ways I was able to earn a good income:
I developed my career. This was by far the lion’s share of the income I made through the years and the reason I write so much about making the most of your career. I know that it works and if you take a few, simple steps you can significantly increase your lifetime income — probably by $1 million or more.
I developed side businesses. In the ‘90s I had a freelance writing business and later on I had a blog (though I donated the profits from it for years). I also worked as a soccer referee (mostly because my son did, but it did earn me a few thousand dollars each year). Each of these generated extra income that at first allowed me to pay off my mortgage and then supercharge my saving.
2. Control spending
Controlling spending is why retiring can be done at almost any income. If you make $40,000 and spend $20,000, you’re making good progress toward early retirement. The same holds true for making $100,000 and spending $60,000 or making $200,000 and spending $110,000. If you want more specifics, see Income and Spending Scenarios and the Impact on Wealth.
If you can control your spending and create a gap between what you earn and what you spend, then you can begin to sock away money for early retirement. The bigger the gap, the more you can save and the faster you can retire.
I am thankful that 1) I am frugal and 2) my wife is more frugal than I am. As such we were able to live on a fraction of what I made. And we were not miserly by any stretch of the imagination.
We have lived in four-bedroom (five now), three-bathroom (four now), 3,000+ square foot homes in good neighborhoods all our married life. Not the best/fanciest neighborhoods where “all the rich people live”, but we wouldn’t really want to live in those places anyway. We’ve lived in middle to upper middle-class neighborhoods so we certainly weren’t depriving ourselves.
We took vacations (mostly to see family but also took three cruises with the entire family including my mom and dad, which we paid for). Because we were happier just with ourselves and our lives, we didn’t really give up anything. We drove new cars (though we got them for good prices), our kids played all the sports/did all the activities they wanted, and we had more fun than a family deserves. And it didn’t cost that much.
A few things that helped us control spending/create a good gap:
We lived in low cost-of-living cities. We lived my post “Become Wealthy by Having a High Income in a Low Cost City” and benefited greatly from doing so.
We didn’t waste money on debt. Debt costs a fortune. So we paid off our house early and didn’t use debt in any other way other than credit cards that we paid off each month (and earned thousands along the way as well).
We had moderate and selective frugality. This influenced what we bought, what we didn’t, and at what price. We always shopped for value (not price) and were willing to pay more if something would perform better or last longer. If it didn’t, we went for the best price. Saving a nickel here and a dime there, not to mention big dollars along the way, really adds up.
Doing these things allowed us to create a solid gap between earning and spending and to save 36% of my gross income over our working years.
3. Invest for growth and then income
There’s no way we could have saved enough to fund early retirement. But we could take the gap our earnings/savings provided, invest it, and watch it multiply.
Here are a few ways we did this:
We invested in index funds. I maxed out my 401(k) for two decades, getting the full company match every year. We saved in addition to that in a Vanguard brokerage account. And when the stock market dropped off a cliff (which it did a few times in all those years), I moved most of my cash into the market and bought more. Needless to say, those investments have done quite well over the past 25 years.
We bought rental properties. This is where we began to move from primarily growth-oriented investments to a blend of growth (appreciation) and income (rents). As you move closer to early retirement, you either need a gazillion dollars that earns a basic return (like 4%) or much less money that earns a higher rate of return. It’s simple retirement math. My rental units earn about 11% before any appreciation, so that’s a good retirement contributor. Of course I made some mistakes along the way but overall it turned out well. And since I didn’t retire for several years after I got the property, the income generated initially went back into index funds.
We moved into P2P investing. I did this as I looked to diversify my income sources for retirement. It also helped that we moved from a state that didn’t allow P2P investing to one that did.
Three basics for early retirement
For those of you following along, you’ve probably already figured this out, but all the above comes down to focusing on the following:
• Earning
• Saving
And hence the name of my site.
If you do these three things — earn, save, and invest — and do them correctly and over time, you will be able to retire early as well.
This column first appeared on ESI Money and was reprinted with permission.